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  2. Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and serves as a model for studying immunotherapy. The B16 melanoma model, resembling human cold tumors that lack T cell infiltration and show minimal...

    Authors: Rong Huang, Yingbin Wang, Haitao Teng, Mengjun Xu, Kexin He, Yingzhuo Shen, Guo Guo, Xinyu Feng, Tianhan Li, Binhui Zhou, Marc Bajenoff, Toby Lawrence, Yinming Liang, Liaoxun Lu and Lichen Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:135
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Biofilms cling to surfaces to form complex architectures allowing their bacterial creators to acquire multidrug resistance and claiming countless lives worldwide. Therefore, finding novel compounds that affect...

    Authors: Karina Golberg, Kamal Elouarzaki, Bat-el Kagan, Marilou Shagan, Netta Shemesh, Esti Kramarsky-Winter, Anat Ben-Zvi, Yaffa Mizrachi Nebenzahl, Robert S. Marks and Ariel Kushmaro
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity, as they monitor internal and external immunogenic signals through their specific receptors (TCRs). Using high-throughput sequencing, one can assess TCR reperto...

    Authors: Justyna Mika, Alicja Polanska, Kim RM Blenman, Lajos Pusztai, Joanna Polanska, Serge Candéias and Michal Marczyk
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:133
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Oxytosis/ferroptosis is a form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death characterized by specific changes in the redox balance that lead to lethal lipid peroxidation. It has been hypothesized recently that aging ...

    Authors: Antonio Currais, Kayla Sanchez, David Soriano-Castell, Nawab John Dar, K. Garrett Evensen, Salvador Soriano and Pamela Maher
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:132
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Different expression levels of circular RNAs (circRNAs) affect the sensitivity of human cells to drugs, thus producing different responses to the therapeutic effects of drugs. Using traditional biomedical expe...

    Authors: Mengting Niu, Chunyu Wang, Yaojia Chen, Quan Zou and Ximei Luo
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:131
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome. In insects, small RNA pathways are central to the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TE express...

    Authors: Alexander Bergman, Anna B. Crist, Hélène Lopez-Maestre, Hervé Blanc, Mauro Castelló-Sanjuán, Lionel Frangeul, Hugo Varet, Josquin Daron, Sarah H. Merkling, Maria-Carla Saleh and Louis Lambrechts
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:130
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The information content within nucleic acids extends beyond the primary sequence to include secondary structures with functional roles in transcription regulation. Guanine-rich sequences form structures called...

    Authors: Ryan J. Snyder, Uma Shankar, Don Delker, Winny Soerianto, Joshua T. Burdick, Vivian G. Cheung and Jason A. Watts
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:129
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The admixture between taurine and indicine cattle increases breed diversity and provides new genetic resources for human and natural selection. The climate of northwestern China is typified by cold and arid co...

    Authors: Shuang Liu, Huixuan Yan, Xue Feng, Xiaoyu Luo, Yang Lv, Chuzhao Lei, Ningbo Chen and Yun Ma
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:128
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs generated through back splicing. High expression of circRNAs is often associated with numerous abnormal cellular biological processes. However, the regul...

    Authors: Mohan Wang, Shanshan Zheng, Yan Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Fuming Lai, Cong Zhou, Qiangwei Zhou, Xingwang Li and Guoliang Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:127
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) is an enzyme that catalyses the rate-limiting step of guanine nucleotides. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), IMPDH2 forms large multi-protein complexes known ...

    Authors: Samuel T. M. Ball, Meagan J. Hennessy, Yuhan Tan, Kai F. Hoettges, Neil D. Perkins, David J. Wilkinson, Michael R. H. White, Yalin Zheng and David A. Turner
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:126
    Content type: Software Published on:

  12. Companion dogs live in a mixed-species environment, where they can successfully learn from both humans and dogs. Breed type, the demonstrator’s behavior, and in multi-dog households, the dogs’ hierarchy are kn...

    Authors: Péter Pongrácz, Petra Dobos, Fruzsina Prónik and Kata Vékony
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:125
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is a major threat to the aging population. Due to lack of effective therapy, preventive treatments are important strategies to limit AD ...

    Authors: Xiaoyan Wang, Houyu Zhang, Zhou Wan, Xuetong Li, Carlos F. Ibáñez and Meng Xie
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:124
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Understanding protein-molecular interaction is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying diverse biological processes. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been extensively employed in predicting these...

    Authors: Pengpai Li, Bowen Shao, Guoqing Zhao and Zhi-Ping Liu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:123
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a pivotal role in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and insecticides. Overexpression of P450 genes has been proven to be involved in insecticide resistance in insects. Ho...

    Authors: Bo Hu, Yuting Zhang, Zhiping Xing, Xiangzhu Chen, Cong Rao, Kuitun Liu, Anjiang Tan and Jianya Su
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions have essential implications in various biological processes and diseases. Computational science approaches have emerged as powerful tools for studyi...

    Authors: Li Peng, Wang Wang, Zongyi Yang, Xiangzheng Fu, Wei Liang and Dongsheng Cao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:121
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Drug-target binding affinity (DTA) prediction can accelerate the drug screening process, and deep learning techniques have been used in all facets of drug research. Affinity prediction based on deep learning m...

    Authors: Xun Wang, Zhijun Xia, Runqiu Feng, Tongyu Han, Hanyu Wang, Wenqian Yu and Xingguang Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:120
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Exploring piRNA-disease associations can help discover candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several computational methods have been presented for identifying associations betw...

    Authors: Hang Wei, Jialu Hou, Yumeng Liu, Alexey K. Shaytan, Bin Liu and Hao Wu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:119
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  20. Pheromones play a key role in regulating sexual behavior throughout the animal kingdom. In Drosophila and other insects, many cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are sexually dimorphic, and some are known to perform ph...

    Authors: Yige Luo, Ayumi Takau, Jiaxun Li, Tiezheng Fan, Ben R. Hopkins, Yvonne Le, Santiago R. Ramirez, Takashi Matsuo and Artyom Kopp
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:117
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and is central to many cellular signaling events; however, little is currently known about the phosphorylation landscape during somati...

    Authors: Huihui Guo, Xiushan Qi, Li Zhang, Haixia Guo, Fan Gao, Xindi Tian, Jianfei Wu, Tongtong Li, Tongdi Yan, Xiwang Cui, Jiawei Xu and Fanchang Zeng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In adult mammals, including humans, neurons, and axons in the brain and spinal cord are inherently incapable of regenerating after injury. Studies of animals with innate capacity for regeneration are providing...

    Authors: Brianna R. Cellini, Sreeparvathy Vayankara Edachola, Timothy D. Faw and Valentina Cigliola
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:115
    Content type: Review Published on:

  24. Phylogenetic research in Tulipa (Liliaceae), a genus of significant economic and horticultural value, has relied on limited nuclear (mostly nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS) and plastid DNA se...

    Authors: Zhihui Zhang, Meizhen Wang, Zhaoping Yang, Hans Peter Comes, Xin Zhong, Ryan A. Folk, Yigang Song, Dana A. York, Kenneth M. Cameron and Pan Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:113
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Plant growth and morphogenesis is a mechanical process controlled by genetic and molecular networks. Measuring mechanical properties at various scales is necessary to understand how these processes interact. H...

    Authors: Nicola Trozzi, Wiktoria Wodniok, Robert Kelly-Bellow, Andrea Meraviglia, Aurore Chételat, Nova Adkins, Brendan Lane, Richard S. Smith, Dorota Kwiatkowska and Mateusz Majda
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:112
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  26. Photothermal immunotherapy, as a promising technique in cancer treatment, offering precise eradication of tumor tissue, minimal adverse effects, and reduced risk of recurrence and metastasis. However, due to t...

    Authors: Jielin Wang, Zilu Huang, Yongbo Wu, Xiaofang Jiang, Yanhong Ji, Kevin Braeckmans, Meng Wang, Lin Wang, Wei R. Chen, Yunfei Xia, Zhilie Tang and Xiaozhi Xu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:111
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. An understanding of plant pathogen evolution is important for sustainable management of crop diseases. Plant pathogen populations must maintain adequate heritable phenotypic variability to survive. Polymorphis...

    Authors: Mark C. Derbyshire, Toby E. Newman, Yuphin Khentry, Pippa J. Michael, Sarita Jane Bennett, Ashmita Rijal Lamichhane, Carolyn Graham-Taylor, Subhash Chander, Claudia Camplone, Simone Vicini, Laura Esquivel-Garcia, Cathy Coutu, Dwayne Hegedus, John Clarkson, Kurt Lindbeck and Lars G. Kamphuis
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:110
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. The skin maintains the body’s integrity and serves as the first line of defence against pathogens, stressors and mechanical injuries. Despite the global significance of salmon in aquaculture, how the transcrip...

    Authors: R. Ruiz Daniels, S. J. Salisbury, L. Sveen, P. R. Villamayor, R. S. Taylor, M. Vaadal, T. Tengs, A. Krasnov, S. J. Monaghan, M. Ballantyne, C. Penaloza, M. D. Fast, J. E. Bron, R. Houston, N. Robinson and D Robledo
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:109
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Essential genes are crucial for the development, inheritance, and survival of species. The exploration of these genes can unravel the complex mechanisms and fundamental life processes and identify potential th...

    Authors: Wu Yan, Fu Yu, Li Tan, Li Mengshan, Xie Xiaojun, Zhou Weihong, Sheng Sheng, Wang Jun and Wu Fu-an
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Thermogenic beige adipocyte displays a remarkable ability in mammals to adapt to cold environments, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear, especially in pigs that lack functional UCP1.

    Authors: Jiali Liu, Yao Jiang, Tianxia Liu, Chuanhe Chen, Linya Chui, Along Cui, Xueping Zhang, Xiao Wang, Yu Wang, Chunhuai Yang, Ying Zhang, Tianwen Wu, Shulin Yang, Jiaojiao Huang, Cong Tao, Jianguo Zhao…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:107
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. While various models and computational tools have been proposed for structure and property analysis of molecules, generating molecules that conform to all desired structures and properties remains a challenge.

    Authors: Peng Zhou, Jianmin Wang, Chunyan Li, Zixu Wang, Yiping Liu, Siqi Sun, Jianxin Lin, Leyi Wei, Xibao Cai, Houtim Lai, Wei Liu, Longyue Wang, Yuansheng Liu and Xiangxiang Zeng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:105
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. High-fat diet (HFD) was suggested to be associated with several retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nevertheless, our understanding of t...

    Authors: Rong Zou, Jinrui Cai, Tianyu Chen, Wenhui Mo, Hao Qian, Xianjun Zhu and Lin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The Monachinae, or southern seals, are one of two subfamilies within the Phocidae and are home to iconic pinnipeds such as the leopard seal, a fierce Antarctic top predator, and the Mediterranean monk seal, on...

    Authors: Marcel Nebenführ, Alexander Ben Hamadou, Alex Aguilar, Asunción Borrell, Georgios A. Gkafas and Axel Janke
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Drug–disease association (DDA) prediction aims to identify potential links between drugs and diseases, facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic potentials and reducing the cost and time associated with tr...

    Authors: Yifan Shang, Zixu Wang, Yangyang Chen, Xinyu Yang, Zhonghao Ren, Xiangxiang Zeng and Lei Xu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:101
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma is associated with global reduction in 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). DNA hypomethylation continues upon liver met...

    Authors: Ben Murcott, Floris Honig, Dominic Oliver Halliwell, Yuan Tian, James Lawrence Robson, Piotr Manasterski, Jennifer Pinnell, Thérèse Dix-Peek, Santiago Uribe-Lewis, Ashraf E. K. Ibrahim, Julia Sero, David Gurevich, Nikolas Nikolaou and Adele Murrell
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Animals with open circulatory systems are highly vulnerable to environmental temperature fluctuations, making them particularly threatened by global warming. However, research on the cellular heterogeneity of ...

    Authors: Danyang Wang, Na Liu, Xiangfu Kong, Xinghai Zhu, Yangfan Wang, Jingjie Hu and Zhenmin Bao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:98
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Genetic biocontrol systems have broad applications in population control of insects implicated in both disease spread and food security. Ceratitis capitata (the Mediterranean fruit fly), a major agricultural pest...

    Authors: Serafima Davydova, Junru Liu, Yiran Liu, Kavya Prince, Jonathan Mann, Nikolay P. Kandul, W. Evan Braswell, Jackson Champer, Omar S. Akbari and Angela Meccariello
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, characterized by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction, extracellular deposit formation, and disrupted lipid metabolism. Understan...

    Authors: Ana Álvarez-Barrios, Lydia Álvarez, Pilar Sáenz de Santa María, Montserrat García, Jorge R. Álvarez-Buylla, Rosario Pereiro and Héctor González-Iglesias
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:96
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Lactylation is a newly discovered type of post-translational modification, primarily occurring on lysine (K) residues of both histones and non-histones to exert diverse effects on target proteins. Research has...

    Authors: Hongyan Lai, Diyu Luo, Mi Yang, Tao Zhu, Huan Yang, Xinwei Luo, Yijie Wei, Sijia Xie, Feitong Hong, Kunxian Shu, Fuying Dao and Hui Ding
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Dynamic physical changes in the extracellular environment of living tissues present a mechanical challenge for resident cells that can lead to damage to the nucleus, genome, and DNA. Recent studies have starte...

    Authors: Maaike Bril, Jules N. Boesveld, Leila S. Coelho-Rato, Cecilia M. Sahlgren, Carlijn V. C. Bouten and Nicholas A. Kurniawan
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The genetic profile of the population in Xinjiang, northwest China, has been shaped by interregional movement and admixture since the Bronze Age. However, the detailed and intraregional population history of X...

    Authors: Haijun Li, Baitong Wang, Xiaomin Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Haifeng He, Rui Wang and Chuan-Chao Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:93
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Heterozygous mutation of CLCN7 (R286W) is commonly found in patients with benign autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. However, there is no evidence from animal models to confirm that it is a disease mutation. And...

    Authors: Yu Sha, Lingyu Huang, Lei Zhang, Xianliang Hou, Chune Mo, Cuiping Pan, Gengshuo Chen, Sha Luo and Minglin Ou
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Acute lung injury (ALI) which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), is a serious lung disease that threatens human health. Although some current treatments are effective in alleviating ALI, they still have a s...

    Authors: Yan Xiong, Lulu Wang, Bohao Li, Beibei Fu, Zhou Sha, Jin Liu, Rong Tian, Rui Yao, Feng Lin, Zixuan Cong, Yongliang Du, Xiaoyuan Lin and Haibo Wu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:90
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Breeds genetically distant from the reference genome often show considerable differences in DNA fragments, making it difficult to achieve accurate mappings. The genetic differences between pig reference genome...

    Authors: Jian Miao, Qingyu Wang, Zhe Zhang, Qishan Wang, Yuchun Pan and Zhen Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:89
    Content type: Comment Published on:

  50. The post-anal tail is a common physical feature of vertebrates including mammals. Although it exhibits rich phenotypic diversity, its development has been evolutionarily conserved as early as the embryonic per...

    Authors: Yong-Xuan Chen, Xiu-Ping Zhang, David N. Cooper, Dong-Dong Wu and Wan-Dong Bao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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