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  1. The post-anal tail is a common physical feature of vertebrates including mammals. Although it exhibits rich phenotypic diversity, its development has been evolutionarily conserved as early as the embryonic per...

    Authors: Yong-Xuan Chen, Xiu-Ping Zhang, David N. Cooper, Dong-Dong Wu and Wan-Dong Bao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Sexual conflicts over the post-mating fate of received ejaculate can favour traits in one sex that are costly to the other. Reciprocally mating hermaphrodites face unique challenges as they mate simultaneously...

    Authors: Pragya Singh, Jeremias N. Brand and Lukas Schärer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a pronounced role in cognitive and emotional functions, which may be compromised by dismal sleep quality. This study intended to clarify the impact of Slc1a2 ectopic expressio...

    Authors: Fengying Zhang, Yao Li, Li Jiang, Yingbin Wang, Yonghong Tang, Bo Ouyang, Guojun Song, Xuan Li, Xiajie Quan, Min Li, Hongying Wang, Zhao Pan, Keyan Chen and Ping Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Sperm metabolic pathways that generate energy for motility are compartmentalized within the flagellum. Dysfunctions in metabolic compartments, namely mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, can compromise mo...

    Authors: Fitore Kusari, Lenka Backova, Dalibor Panek, Ales Benda and Zdenek Trachtulec
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:85
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  5. The relationship between gene family expansion and the resulting changes in plant phenotypes has shown remarkable complexity during the evolution. The gene family expansion has contributed to the diversity in ...

    Authors: Zhiyu Chen, Lan Xun, Yunyan Lu, Xingyu Yang, Minghui Chen, Tianyu Yang, Zhinan Mei, Yunqiang Yang, Xuefei Yang and Yongping Yang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. During meiosis, the mammalian genome is organised within chromatin loops, which facilitate synapsis, crossing over and chromosome segregation, setting the stage for recombination events and the generation of g...

    Authors: Vera B. Kaiser and Colin A. Semple
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:83
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Aspergillus fumigatus, the primary etiological agent of invasive aspergillosis, causes over 1.8 million deaths annually. Targeting cell wall biosynthetic pathways offers a promising antifungal strategy. Gfa1, a r...

    Authors: Qijian Qin, Pingzhen Wei, Sayed Usman, Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule, Cheng Jin, Bin Wang, Kaizhou Yan, Daan M. F. van Aalten and Wenxia Fang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Receptor-activated SMADs trimerize with SMAD4 to regulate context-dependent target gene expression. However, the presence of a single SMAD1/5/8 binding motif in cis-regulatory elements alone does not trigger t...

    Authors: Jerome Jatzlau, Sophie-Nhi Do, Rebeca A. Mees, Paul-Lennard Mendez, Rameez Jabeer Khan, Lukas Maas, Lidia Ruiz, Pau Martin-Malpartida, Maria J. Macias and Petra Knaus
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Testes development is a fundamental process in sexual development and reproduction. The testes undergo dramatic structural changes during development, including the proliferation and differentiation of somatic...

    Authors: Jie Su, Yanyan Yang, Daqing Wang, Hong Su, Feifei Zhao, Chuanqiang Zhang, Min Zhang, Xiunan Li, Tingyi He, Xihe Li, Ying Tian, Biao Song, Chao Chen, Yongli Song and Guifang Cao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Uremic impairment of wound healing is a well-established phenomenon, however the etiology of this condition continues to be a medical enigma. Carbamylation, posttranslational modification (PTM) occurring with ...

    Authors: Marta Kaminska, Urszula Kałucka, Janka Babickova, Małgorzata Benedyk-Machaczka, Eleni Skandalou, Melissa M. Grant, Hans-Peter Marti and Piotr Mydel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an important viral disease threatening global aquaculture sustainability and affecting over 50 farmed and ecologically important fish species. A major QTL for resistance to VNN ...

    Authors: Robert Mukiibi, Serena Ferraresso, Rafaella Franch, Luca Peruzza, Giulia Dalla Rovere, Massimiliano Babbucci, Daniela Bertotto, Anna Toffan, Francesco Pascoli, Sara Faggion, Carolina Peñaloza, Costas S. Tsigenopoulos, Ross D. Houston, Luca Bargelloni and Diego Robledo
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in many biological processes, and computationally identifying RNA-RBP interactions provides insights into the biological mechanism of diseases associated with RBPs.

    Authors: Xiaoyong Pan, Yi Fang, Xiaojian Liu, Xiaoyu Guo and Hong-Bin Shen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:74
    Content type: Software Published on:

  16. Beneficial insects, including pollinators, encounter various pesticide exposure conditions, from brief high-concentration acute exposure to continuous low-level chronic exposure. To effectively assess the envi...

    Authors: Alicja Witwicka, Federico López-Osorio, Andres Arce, Richard J. Gill and Yannick Wurm
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Populations colonizing contrasting environments are likely to undergo adaptive divergence and evolve ecotypes with locally adapted phenotypes. While diverse molecular mechanisms underlying ecotype divergence h...

    Authors: Man Luo, Junjie Zhao, Juha Merilä, Rowan D. H. Barrett, Baocheng Guo and Juntao Hu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cytoplasmic lipid-storing organelles that play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, and metabolic signaling. Dysregulation of lipid metabol...

    Authors: Jie Sheng, Xuemei Zhang, Weihong Liang, Junfang Lyu, Bei Zhang, Jie Min, Austin Xu, Xingyu Xu, Jennifer W. Li, Jian-Liang Li, Rui Zhou and Wei Liu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female somatic cells vary in number and levels of escape among mammalian species and tissues, potentially contributing to species- and tissue-specific sex d...

    Authors: He Fang, Ana R. Tronco, Giancarlo Bonora, Truong Nguyen, Jitendra Thakur, Joel B. Berletch, Galina N. Filippova, Steven Henikoff, Jay Shendure, William S. Noble, Zhijun Duan, Christine M. Disteche and Xinxian Deng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided important insights into the relationship between infectious diseases and the human genome. A genomic region encoding the 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family proteins t...

    Authors: Kei Iida, Masahiko Ajiro, Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi, Yukiko Muramoto, Toru Takenaga, Masatsugu Denawa, Ryo Kurosawa, Takeshi Noda and Masatoshi Hagiwara
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Dietary shifts are major evolutionary steps that shape ecological niches and biodiversity. The beetle family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybirds, first transitioned from a fungivorous to an insectivorou...

    Authors: Yu-Hao Huang, Hermes E. Escalona, Yi-Fei Sun, Pei-Fang Zhang, Xue-Yong Du, Sen-Rui Gong, Xue-Fei Tang, Yuan-Sen Liang, Dan Yang, Pei-Tao Chen, Huan-Ying Yang, Mei-Lan Chen, Bruno Hüttel, Ondrej Hlinka, Xingmin Wang, Karen Meusemann…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induces cellular senescence and tumor stasis, thus serving as the standard treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). However, continuous suppression of canonical androgen receptor...

    Authors: Dian Zhuang, Jinsong Kang, Haoge Luo, Yu Tian, Xiaoping Liu and Chen Shao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Environmental endocrine disruptor Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) widely affects the health of human and animals including the reproductive system. However, there are few studies on the protective strategie...

    Authors: Jing-Cai Liu, Yuan-Jing Zou, Kun-Huan Zhang, Yi-Ming Ji, Yue Wang and Shao-Chen Sun
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a crucial role in liver physiological and pathological processes. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key effector in regulating cell growth and organ s...

    Authors: Wenhong Zhou, Shuaishuai Zhang, Yao Chen, Ziqi Chen, Guofang Bi, Manlan Guo, Xiaowen Jiang, Xiao Yang, Jianhong Fang, Linhu Ye, Shicheng Fan and Huichang Bi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Cyclic peptides, known for their high binding affinity and low toxicity, show potential as innovative drugs for targeting “undruggable” proteins. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often hindered by poor m...

    Authors: Zixu Wang, Yangyang Chen, Yifan Shang, Xiulong Yang, Wenqiong Pan, Xiucai Ye, Tetsuya Sakurai and Xiangxiang Zeng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Melanin pigmentation in oocytes is a critical feature for both the esthetic and developmental aspects of oocytes, influencing their polarity and overall development. Despite substantial knowledge of melanogene...

    Authors: Hongyang Yi, Weizheng Liang, Sumei Yang, Han Liu, Jiayu Deng, Shuhong Han, Xiaohui Feng, Wenjie Cheng, Yonglong Chen, Jing Hang, Hongzhou Lu and Rensen Ran
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as an age-related disease, and cellular senescence (CS) plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Previous studies have shown the role of epigenetic chan...

    Authors: Yingguo Gan, Ze Yuan, Jingrong Weng, Mingzhe Huang, Tuoyang Li, Yuanhui Wu, Kaixin Lin, Junyi Han, Xuan Li, Haotian Liu, Zixiao Wan, Ziming Li, Zhenghua Chen, Ji Cui, Yanxin Luo, Meijin Huang…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Relaxins are a family of peptides that regulate reproductive physiology in vertebrates. Evidence that this is an evolutionarily ancient role of relaxins has been provided by the discovery of two relaxin-like g...

    Authors: Yuling Feng, Nayeli Escudero Castelán, Mohammed Akhter Hossain, Hongkang Wu, Hidekazu Katayama, Stuart J. Smith, Scott F. Cummins, Masatoshi Mita, Ross A. D. Bathgate and Maurice R. Elphick
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Mechanical stimulation, including wind exposure, is a common environmental factor for plants and can significantly impact plant phenotype, development, and growth. Most responses to external mechanical stimula...

    Authors: Annalene Hansen, Agnieszka Gladala-Kostarz, Rebecca Hindhaugh, John H. Doonan and Maurice Bosch
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:58
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. The discovery of diverse molecular mechanisms of regulated cell death has opened new avenues for cancer therapy. Ferroptosis, a unique form of cell death driven by iron-catalyzed peroxidation of membrane phosp...

    Authors: Roberto Fernández-Acosta, Iuliana Vintea, Ine Koeken, Behrouz Hassannia and Tom Vanden Berghe
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:57
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. The rhythmic mating behavior of insects has been extensively documented, yet the regulation of this behavior through sex pheromone sensing olfactory genes affected by the clock genes in the rhythm pathway rema...

    Authors: Yuting Jiao, Guohong Luo, Yongyue Lu and Daifeng Cheng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Thermotolerance is a critical trait for yeasts employed in industrial settings, and the utilization of unconventional yeasts has gained notable attention in recent years. However, the mechanisms underlying the...

    Authors: Yanhua Qi, Qijian Qin, Jiayin Ma, Bin Wang, Cheng Jin and Wenxia Fang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Sex chromosome (SC) evolution is a longstanding topic of focus in evolutionary biology. Teleosts often exhibit rapid turnover of SCs and sex-determining (SD) genes, alongside a diverse range of SC differentiat...

    Authors: Shuqing Zheng, Hongyan Tao, Yuheng Song, Mao Li, Haowen Yang, Jianzhen Li, Hongwei Yan, Bakhtiyor Sheraliev, Wenjing Tao, Zuogang Peng, Yaoguang Zhang and Deshou Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The flea beetle Omophoita octoguttata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) is a member of a group in which the males completely lack meiotic recombination (male-specific achiasmy) and that have extraordinarily large X and...

    Authors: Jhon Alex Dziechciarz Vidal, Deborah Charlesworth, Ricardo Utsunomia, Manuel A. Garrido-Ramos, Rodrigo Zeni dos Santos, Fábio Porto-Foresti, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Thomas Liehr, Mara Cristina de Almeida and Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), a novel drug discovery strategy, utilizes the ubiquitin–proteasome system to degrade target proteins in cells. While Western blotting, mass spectrometry, and Lumit Immun...

    Authors: Shuai Meng, Yuan Meng, Xuena Yang, Wenwen Yu, Bole Li, Tianjun Liu, Jie Zhang, Xiubao Ren and Lin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. When a species changes its host preference, it often requires modifications in its sensory systems. Many of these changes remain largely uninvestigated in the global fruit pest Drosophila suzukii (also known as s...

    Authors: Qi Xue, Kazi Sifat Hasan, Omar Dweck, Shimaa A. M. Ebrahim and Hany K. M. Dweck
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) play pivotal roles in various cellular processes, and elucidating their subcellular localization can offer crucial insights into their functional significance. Accurate prediction ...

    Authors: Wenxing Hu, Yan Yue, Ruomei Yan, Lixin Guan and Mengshan Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Anemonefish association with sea anemones is a prime example of mutualistic symbiosis. These fish live inside the sea anemone, benefitting from the protection of its toxic nematocysts, and in return, protect t...

    Authors: Natacha Roux, Clément Delannoy, Shin-Yi Yu, Saori Miura, Lilian Carlu, Laurence Besseau, Takahiro Nakagawa, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima, Yann Guerardel and Vincent Laudet
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Angiosperms are the largest plant group and play an essential role in the biosphere. Phylogenetic relationships of many families and orders remain contentious, and, in an attempt to address these, we performed...

    Authors: Dongliang Lin, Bingyi Shao, Zhiyuan Gao, Jianwu Li, Zhanghai Li, Tingyu Li, Weichang Huang, Xin Zhong, Chao Xu, Mark W. Chase and Xiaohua Jin
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2025 23:77

  45. Cellular communication is vital for the proper functioning of multicellular organisms. A comprehensive analysis of cellular communication demands the consideration not only of the binding between ligands and r...

    Authors: Jingtao Liu, Litian Ma, Fen Ju, Chenguang Zhao and Liang Yu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable interface that prevents the non-selective transport into the central nervous system. It controls the delivery of macromolecules fueling the brain metabolism and...

    Authors: Sophie Antesberger, Beate Stiening, Michael Forsthofer, Alberto Joven Araus, Elif Eroglu, Jonas Huber, Martin Heß, Hans Straka and Rosario Sanchez-Gonzalez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Aging is a natural process that affects the majority of organs within the organism. The liver, however, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the organism's homeostasis due to its robust regenerative and metabol...

    Authors: Ye Jin, Gaoge Sun, Binxian Chen, Siqin Feng, Muyun Tang, Hui Wang, Ying Zhang, Yuan Wang, Yang An, Yu Xiao, Zihan Liu, Peng Liu, Zhuang Tian, Hang Yin, Shuyang Zhang and Xiaodong Luan
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Recent trends towards lower washing temperatures and a reduction in the use of bleaching agents in laundry undoubtedly benefit our environment. However, these conditions impair microbial removal on clothes, le...

    Authors: Celia Díez López, Florence Van Herreweghen, Britta De Pessemier, Yorick Minnebo, Steff Taelman, Kara Judge, Karen Ransley, Christopher Hammond, Matthew Batson, Michiel Stock, Wim Van Criekinge, Tom Van de Wiele, Angus Macmaster and Chris Callewaert
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumour in the adult population and its prognosis is dismal. The heterogeneous nature of the tumour, to which epigenetic dysregulation significantl...

    Authors: Claire Vinel, James Boot, Weiwei Jin, Nicola Pomella, Alexandra Hadaway, Charles Mein, Nicolae Radu Zabet and Silvia Marino
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:26
    Content type: Research Published on:
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