Fig. 8

Dietary inulin supplementation reduced astrogliosis in caudal part of the ventral cortex. Illustration of reactive astrocyte distribution by GFAP antibody in rostral (A–C) and caudal (G–I) parts of the brain of WT (A, G), Ctrl_AD (B, H), and Inulin_AD (C, I) mice. MC, medial cortex; LC, lateral cortex; VC, ventral cortex; HC, hippocampus; TH, thalamus; MB, midbrain. Scale bar, 500 µm. D–F, J–L Quantification of the percentage of GFAP area in different brain regions. Comparisons in different regions of cortex were performed by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (D, J). Unpaired t-test was used to assess the other brain regions (E–F, K–L). P values that were less than 0.2 were indicated. n = 3 in WT group, n = 10 in Ctrl_AD and Inulin_AD groups, represented by a dot in the graphs. Data were presented in mean ± SD. M Western blot and quantification of GFAP level in the forebrain region of WT, Ctrl_AD, and Inulin_AD mice. Unpaired t-test was used to determine statistical significance between Ctrl_AD and Inulin_AD groups. n = 3 in WT group, n = 5 in Ctrl_AD and Inulin_AD groups, represented by a dot in the graphs. Data were presented in mean ± SD. Supporting data values for D–F, J–K, L–M were included in Additional file 6: Supporting data values. Original images of A–C, G–I, M were included in Additional file 7: original images