Fig. 7

N-glycans analysis and cellular differentiation in classical monocytes in the ADO2 and WT groups. a Featureplot visualization of the N-glycans levels in individual cells in the ADO2 and WT groups, with darker colors indicating higher N-glycans levels. b Violin plot comparing the levels of N-glycans in classical monocyte subtypes 1–6 between the ADO2 and WT groups (P < 0.05). The average number of glycosylation tags for N-glycans of each subtype are as follows: CM1(ADO2: 8.78389, WT: 9.53651); CM2 (ADO2: 9.66757, WT: 10.4976); CM3 (ADO2: 8.97316, WT: 9.60765); CM4 (ADO2: 8.59505, WT: 8.9693); CM5 (ADO2: 9.69621, WT: 10.6096); CM6 (ADO2: 8.56935, WT: 9.40849). c Pseudotime trajectory plot of classical monocyte subtypes in ADO2 disease state compared to normal state. This figure displays the differentiation trajectories of six classical monocyte subtypes inferred through pseudotime analysis. Each node represents a cell subtype, and colors indicate different cell types. The three branches in the plot represent distinct developmental paths, reflecting the dynamic changes and differentiation processes of cells in the ADO2 disease state. Pseudotime increases in the direction of the trajectory, indicating a progression from undifferentiated to mature states from left to right. The trajectory plot is generated based on single-cell RNA sequencing data using the Monocle algorithm for trajectory inference. d Boxplot comparing CytoTRACE scores among classical monocyte subtypes 1–6, with higher scores indicating greater differentiation potential. e Dynamic changes in N-linked glycosylation between the ADO2 and WT groups based on the Monocle2 pseudotemporal results of the six classical monocyte subtypes. The number 1 inside the black circles represents the nodes identified during trajectory analysis that correspond to different cell states. The differentiation trajectory is divided into three branches. f Violin plots illustrating the N-linked glycosylation level of each branch based on the dynamic changes between the ADO2 and WT groups (P < 0.05)