Fig. 2

ADSCs alleviate ALI via EVs. A Timeline diagram of intranasal delivery and intravenous injection of ADSCs or pretreated GW4869-ADSCs. B Cell vitality was determined by the CCK-8 assay. C qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. D ADSCs were incubated with conditioned medium and conditioned medium with GW4869. Extract and detect EVs. E H&E staining of lung tissues. Scale bar, 400 μm. F The lung injury scores. G Immunostaining analysis of TNF-α expression in the lung tissues of mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. H Quantitative analysis of TNF-α-positive cells in the lung tissues. I The BALF protein concentration was determined by BCA (n = 6). J and K SA bacterial loads in the BALF and lungs from mice treated with PBS, ADSCs, and ADSCs plus GW4869. L-O The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in BALF was tested by ELISA. HE, IHC images and blots were representative of six independent experiments. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM of n = 6. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns, no significance