Fig. 6

Wolbachia infection alone and Wolbachia-B. bassiana co-infection associate with altered expression of many host stress- and immune-response genes. Male flies were pierced with a needled dipped in either 20% glycerol (sham control) or B. bassiana infection with RNA extracted after 24 h. a Volcano plot depicting genes differentially expressed comparing only Wolbachia-positive to Wolbachia-negative control flies. Yellow indicates that the absolute value of the log₂ fold change is greater than one, blue indicates that the adjusted P-value is less than 0.01, and red indicates that both thresholds are met. b Expression of turandot genes in all conditions. Triangles indicate B. bassiana infections, whereas circles represent sham controls; dark blue indicates Wolbachia infected, while light blue indicates Wolbachia uninfected. c Plot showing all genes with a significant Wolbachia x B. bassiana interaction effect (red dots). The two axes show the log₂fold change for B. bassiana infected flies over sham control for Wolbachia-infected flies (X axis) and Wolbachia uninfected flies (Y axis). d Expression of all genes with a significant Wolbachia x B. bassiana interaction in all conditions. Triangles indicate B. bassiana infections, whereas circles represent sham controls; dark blue indicates Wolbachia infected, while light blue indicates Wolbachia uninfected