Fig. 4

Expanded genes associated with digestion in L. polybranchiata. A Heatmap of the number of digestion genes in L. polybranchiata and four other sedentarians. Red stars indicate that the number of genes in L. polybranchiata significantly differs from the shallow-water S. benedicti (one-tailed Fisher’s exact tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). B Heatmap showing the expression of L. polybranchiata digestive enzyme genes. CRTB denotes chymotrypsin; PRSS, trypsin; CHIA, chitinase; LYZL, lysozyme. Body parts are designated CE (cephalosome: chaetigers 1–4), AB (anterior body without parapodia: chaetigers 5–20), PB (posterior body without parapodia: chaetigers 40 to end), VB (parapodia with both ventral and dorsal branchiae: chaetigers 40 to end), and DB (parapodia with only dorsal branchiae: chaetigers 5–20)