Table 1 Developmental time, longevity, fecundity, oviposition, and population parameters on WT and mutant strains at normal temperature

Egg (day)

3.00 ± 0.00

3.00 ± 0.00

3.00 ± 0.00

3.00 ± 0.00

Larva (day)

5.64 ± 0.08

7.19 ± 0.09*

5.79 ± 0.08*

6.83 ± 0.13*

Pupa (day)

2.91 ± 0.03

3.59 ± 0.08*

2.80 ± 0.10

3.31 ± 0.24*

Adult female (day)

17.87 ± 0.42

18.74 ± 0.28

16.89 ± 0.25

18.27 ± 0.39

Adult male (day)

19.27 ± 0.78

20.72 ± 0.58

16.35 ± 0.38*

18.11 ± 0.50

Fecundity (eggs)

151.25 ± 4.24

144.74 ± 1.35*

35.63 ± 2.31*

82.92 ± 2.10*

Oviposition (day)

6.17 ± 0.33

5.10 ± 0.13*

4.89 ± 0.15*

4.65 ± 0.21*

r (day ⁻¹)

0.29 ± 0.00

0.23 ± 0.00*

0.17 ± 0.01*

0.18 ± 0.01*

λ (day ⁻¹)

1.34 ± 0.01

1.26 ± 0.01*

1.18 ± 0.01*

1.20 ± 0.01*

R₀ (eggs/female)

65.52 ± 7.07

47.04 ± 6.19

10.39 ± 1.62*

17.94 ± 3.13*

T (day)

14.18 ± 0.05

16.09 ± 0.07*

13.60 ± 0.16*

15.63 ± 0.02*