Fig. 6

Genotype/phenotype association of the CYP6P4b-D284E and the CYP6P4a-M220I mutations with pyrethroid bed net efficacy. Distribution of CYP6P4b-D284E resistance mutation genotypes among resistant and susceptible F4 FANGxGHANA hybrid An. funestus mosquitoes exposed to (A) PermaNet 2.0 for 3 min, B Olyset for 3 min, and (C) DuraNet for 3 min. Distribution of CYP6P4a-M220I resistance mutation genotypes among resistant and susceptible F4 FANGxGHANA hybrid An. funestus mosquitoes exposed to (D) PermaNet 2.0 for 3 min, E Olyset for 3 min, and F DuraNet for 3 min. R and S allele frequency distributions between alive and dead mosquitoes after exposure are shown in line plots. Combined impact of CYP6P4b-D284E and CYP6P4a-M220I mutations on pyrethroid bed net efficacy. Distribution of genotypes in FANGxGHANA hybrid An. funestus mosquitoes exposed to (G) PermaNet 2.0 for 3 min, H Olyset for 3 min, and (J) DuraNet for 3 min with odds ratio calculations to compare the survival capacity of double homozygote-resistant mosquitoes after pyrethroid exposure with other genotype combinations