Fig. 2
From: The impact of filamentous plant pathogens on the host microbiota
Known mechanisms whereby filamentous plant pathogens interact with the plant microbiota. Filamentous pathogens produce different effectors (white rectangles) that can interfere with microbial growth (as demonstrated in vitro) (V) and can contribute to the modification of the microbial niche and disease progression in the plant (P). Antagonistic ( −) interactions arise from the production of secreted protein effectors (A), metabolites such as mycotoxins (B), and secreted enzymes (C). Growth enhancement ( +) interactions were reported from in vitro studies, but the underlying mechanisms have not been described systematically or demonstrated in planta (D). Other non-antagonistic interactions arise from the interference of bacterial regulatory systems (R) like quorum sensing (E). Pathogens: (1) Verticillium dahliae [36, 37, 63], (2) Albugo candida [55], (3) Rosellinia necatrix [64], (4) Fusarium oxysporum [65], (5) Zymoseptoria tritici [66] and Ustilago maydis [67], (6) different fungi, such as (7) Z. tritici and (8) Fusarium oxysporum [24, 68, 69]