Importance of scientific collaboration in contemporary drug discovery and development: a detailed network analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of collaboration networks for four classes of drugs

Drug name	Target class	No. of papers	No. of authors	No. of institutions	Fraction with inter-institutional collaboration	Fraction with industrial participation	Average clustering	Assortativity	Fraction of top institutions with 90% or greater collaborations
Alirocumab	PCSK9 inhibitors	403	1407	908	0.72	0.429	0.015	− 0.087	0.126
Bococizumab		66	346	173	0.73	0.465	0.047	− 0.057	0.347
Evolocumab		400	1185	680	0.63	0.509	0.006	− 0.075	0.153
Sildenafil	PDE5 inhibitors	8018	25,171	12,659	0.39	0.128	0.009	− 0.018	0.043
Tadalafil		2468	7918	4556	0.45	0.236	0.012	− 0.055	0.073
Vardenafil		1464	4407	2556	0.41	0.240	0.012	− 0.022	0.098
Atorvastatin	Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)	13,478	42,607	22,201	0.49	0.162	0.003	0.060	0.024
Cerivastatin		722	2725	1416	0.38	0.150	0.014	0.066	0.129
Fluvastatin		2848	9722	5112	0.36	0.131	0.020	0.021	0.079
Lovastatin		4554	15,168	7679	0.39	0.139	0.008	0.023	0.068
Pitavastatin		1228	4660	2212	0.37	0.052	0.007	0.047	0.076
Pravastatin		5356	18,214	8403	0.45	0.108	0.002	−0.016	0.047
Rosuvastatin		5285	17,718	9242	0.59	0.134	0.003	0.095	0.037
Simvastatin		12,738	43,187	21,691	0.85	0.067	0.001	0.101	0.007
Adalimumab	TNF inhibitors	8756	30,178	19,734	0.61	0.126	0.003	0.026	0.020
Certolizumab pegol		1052	3639	2085	0.89	0.024	0.004	0.067	0.052
Etanercept		8521	28,705	15,002	0.55	0.187	0.006	− 0.024	0.030
Golimumab		1285	4810	2980	0.69	0.430	0.006	− 0.032	0.073
Infliximab		16,371	52,436	31,727	0.55	0.134	0.002	− 0.012	0.015

Note: The significant changes of network characteristics are highlighted by bold text. The detailed descriptions for network indices are provided in the “Methods” section

ISSN: 1741-7007